Причины потери и разрушения костной ткани челюсти

Ниже приведены наиболее распространенные причины разрушение и потеря челюстной кости что может потребовать костная пластика процедура:

Удаление зубов

Когда взрослый зуб удален и не заменен, может произойти разрушение кости челюсти. Natural teeth are embedded in the jaw bone and stimulate the jaw bone through activities such as chewing and biting. When teeth are missing, the alveolar bone, или часть челюстной кости, которая удерживает зубы во рту., больше не получает необходимой стимуляции и начинает разрушаться, or resorb. Организм больше не использует или “потребности” the jaw bone, так оно ухудшается и уходит.

Скорость разрушения кости, а также количество потери костной массы, которая происходит, сильно варьируется среди людей. Однако, большая часть потерь происходит в течение первых восемнадцати месяцев после удаления и будет продолжаться постепенно на протяжении всей вашей жизни..

Заболевания пародонта

Заболевания пародонта — это продолжающиеся инфекции десен, которые постепенно разрушают опору ваших естественных зубов.. Заболевания пародонта поражают одну или несколько тканей пародонта.: альвеолярная кость, периодонтальная связка, цемент, или десна. Хотя существует множество заболеваний, поражающих структуры, поддерживающие зубы., Воспалительные поражения, вызванные зубным налетом, составляют большую часть проблем пародонта и делятся на две категории.: гингивит и пародонтит. При гингивите, менее серьезное из заболеваний, может никогда не перерасти в пародонтит, это всегда предшествует пародонтиту.

Зубной налет является основной причиной гингивита у генетически предрасположенных людей.. Налет представляет собой липкую бесцветную пленку., состоит в основном из частиц пищи и различных типов бактерий, который прилипает к зубам на уровне десен и ниже. На зубах постоянно образуется налет, даже через несколько минут после чистки. Бактерии, обнаруженные в зубном налете, производят токсины, или яды, that irritate the gums. Gums may become inflamed, red, swollen, and bleed easily. If this irritation is prolonged, the gums will separate from the teeth causing pockets (spaces) to form. If daily brushing and flossing is neglected, plaque can harden into a rough, porous substance known as calculus (or tartar). This can occur both above and below the gum line.

Periodontitis is affected by bacteria that adheres to the tooth’s surface, along with an overly aggressive immune response to these bacteria. If gingivitis progresses into periodontitis, the supporting gum tissue and bone that hold teeth in place deteriorates. The progressive loss of this bone, the alveolar, can lead to the loosening and subsequent loss of teeth.

Dentures/Bridgework

Unanchored dentures are placed on top of the gum line, but they do not provide any direct stimulation to the underlying alveolar bone. Over time the lack of stimulation causes the bone to resorb and deteriorate. Because this type of denture relies on the bone to hold them in place, people often experience loosening of their dentures and problems eating and speaking. Eventually, bone loss may become so severe that dentures cannot be held in place with strong adhesives, and a new set of dentures may be required. Proper denture care, repair, and refitting are essential to maintaining oral health.

Some dentures are supported by anchors, which do help adequately stimulate, and therefore preserve bone.

With bridgework, the teeth on either side of the appliance provide sufficient stimulation to the bone, but the portion of the bridge that spans the gap where the teeth are missing receives no direct stimulation. Bone loss can occur in this area.

By completing a bone graft procedure, Д-р. Salomon is now able to restore bone function and growth, thereby halting the effects of poor denture care.

Лицевые травмы

When a tooth is knocked out or broken to the extent that no biting surface is left below the gum line, bone stimulation stops, which results in jaw bone loss. Some common forms of tooth and jaw trauma include: teeth knocked out from injury or accident, jaw fractures, or teeth with a history of trauma that may die and lead to bone loss years after the initial trauma.

A bone grafting procedure would be necessary to reverse the effects of bone deterioration, restoring function and promoting new bone growth in traumatized areas.

Misalignment

Misalignment issues can create a situation in the mouth where some teeth no longer have an opposing tooth structure. The unopposed tooth can over-erupt, causing deterioration of the underlying bone.

Issues such as TMJ problems, normal wear-and-tear, and lack of treatment can also create abnormal physical forces that interfere with the teeth’s ability to grind and chew properly. Через некоторое время, bone deterioration can occur where the bone is losing stimulation.

Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is a type of bacterial infection in the bone and bone marrow of the jaw. This infection leads to inflammation, which can cause a reduction of blood supply to the bone. Treatment for osteomyelitis generally requires antibiotics and the removal of the affected bone. A bone graft procedure may be required to restore bone function and growth lost during removal.

Tumors

Benign facial tumors, though generally non-threatening, may grow large and require the removal of a portion of the jaw. Malignant mouth tumors almost always spread into the jaw, requiring the removal of the affected section of the jaw. In both cases, reconstructive bone grafting is usually required to help restore normal function to the jaw. Grafting in patients with malignant tumors may be more challenging because treatment of the cancerous tumor generally requires removal of the surrounding soft tissues as well.

Developmental Deformities

Some conditions or syndromes are characterized by missing portions of the teeth, facial bones, jaw or skull. Д-р. Salomon may be able to perform a bone graft procedure to restore bone function and growth where it may be absent.

Sinus Deficiencies

When molars are removed from the upper jaw, air pressure from the air cavity in the maxilla (maxillary sinus) causes resorption of the bone that formerly helped keep the teeth in place. Как результат, the sinuses become enlarged, a condition called hyperpneumatized sinus.

This condition usually develops over several years and may result in insufficient bone from the placement of dental implants. Д-р. Salomon can perform a procedure called a “sinus lift” that can treat enlarged sinuses.